Gynecology Disorder Types, Symptoms, Treatment by Dr Shikha Gupta

1.      Uterine fibroids

Main symptoms: Excessive menstruation, menstrual pain, abdominal pain, bloating, anemia, infertility

Explanation: Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus. Symptoms vary depending on the location and size of the myoma. A female hormone (estrogen) is involved in the development of fibroids and tumor growth. Myomas increase during menstruation, but after menopause, symptoms often subside and myomas often decrease in size.

Method of treatment: Gynecologist in Jaipur

When the patient suddenly becomes large and malignant is suspected (uterine sarcoma), there is severe pain, anemia symptoms that require treatment, frequent urination due to the increased uterus pressing the bladder, and constipation caused by pressing the large intestine If you are aware of any of these, such as diarrhea or diarrhea, you need treatment. Treatment includes hormone therapy and surgery.

Hormone therapy stops the estrogen from the ovaries (there is no menstruation during treatment) and prevents tumor growth. Also, during treatment, menses disappear and anemia improves. However, when menstruation restarts after treatment and female hormones are released, the tumor grows again and hypermenorrhea revives as before.

Hormone therapy is used when you want to save the uterus for childbirth, when you want to treat anemia first before surgery, when there is a period of several months before surgery, and when you expect the tumor to shrink, you are likely to have menopause soon. Do this when you want to escape to.

Surgical treatments include open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. In addition, there are myomectomy and the hysterectomy in which the uterus itself is taken. Each treatment has its strengths and weaknesses, so discuss and select which treatment to use depending on the situation.

2.       Endometriosis

Main symptoms: Abdominal pain, menstrual pain, defecation pain, dyspareunia, infertility

Explanation: Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium develops and develops in parts other than the endometrium. When it occurs in the ovary, it is called an ovarian chocolate cyst. The age of prevalence is among women in their 20s and 40s and is seen in 7-10% of menstruating women. Often found in a patient with dysmenorrhea or infertility. Also, be aware that older people and those with large chocolate cysts have a higher chance of developing ovarian cancer.

Method of treatment: Gynecologist in Jaipur

It can be divided into drug therapy and surgical therapy.

Drug therapy is the use of drugs to relieve pain and prevent the progression of medical conditions. Surgical therapy is expected to remove the affected area to reduce pain and increase the chances of pregnancy. Recurrence rates are high with both drug therapy and surgery, and often require long-term management until menopause.

The choice of treatment method should be made in consideration of the individual conditions such as the nature and degree of pain, the size of the lesion, the age, the desire to raise a baby, and the working situation in detail.

3.       Progenitor prolapse (uterine prolapse, vaginal prolapse)

Main symptoms: Hypnosis, difficulty urinating, difficulty defecation, difficulty walking

Explanation: As the pelvic floor muscles weaken with age, the uterus and vaginal wall hang down, and as it progresses, the uterus, vagina, bladder, intestinal tract, and other organs in the pelvis are discharged. Symptoms are mild when sleeping or immediately after waking up, but the symptoms become stronger as you stand or walk longer.

Method of treatment: Gynecologist in Jaipur

Gymnastics (Pelvic floor muscle training), Pessary (putting a device in the vagina to suppress ptosis) therapy, surgery therapy

For patients who do not feel so disturbed in their daily lives, the pelvic floor muscle training method is conveyed and follow-up is carried out, or the uterus is supported with a pessary and follow-up is carried out every 1-2 months.

If the symptoms of uterine prolapse and vaginal prolapse are so strong that a pessary cannot help, surgical treatment is indicated. We will discuss what kind of surgery you should do depending on your symptoms and age.

4.       Cervical cancer

Main symptoms: Irregular genital bleeding, increased amount of odor

Explanation: Cervical cancer is a cancer that forms at the entrance to the uterus, and the general "cervical cancer screening" is this screening. Infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) is the cause, and the cervical cancer morbidity in young people is increasing. There are two peaks in the age of prevalence, in the 30s and 70s. Symptoms include irregular bleeding and increased swaths, but they are often asymptomatic in the early stages and are often found in cancer screening. The screening test is a cytology in which the cervix is ​​rubbed with a cotton swab or brush. If there is any abnormality, a part of the tissue will be collected under a magnifying glass called HPV test or colposcopy. A cerectomy, which is a surgical procedure to remove a part of the cervix, may be used for both diagnosis and treatment.

Method of treatment:: Gynecologist in Jaipur

Cervical resection and simple hysterectomy may be used to treat cervical cancer in stage 0, but radical hysterectomy / bilateral adnexectomy and lymph node dissection are performed to remove the ligaments that support the uterus, except in the very early stages. to hold. If the ligaments around the uterus are deeply infiltrated, the tumor may be treated with arterial infusion chemotherapy prior to surgery, which involves transarterial administration of anticancer drugs. If it is reduced, it will be an indication for surgery. Radiation therapy is often effective for cervical cancer, and if surgery is difficult, or if advanced cancer has undergone postoperative recurrence, radiation therapy or anticancer drug therapy is also given.

5.       Endometrial cancer

Main symptoms: Genital bleeding

Explanation: Endometrial cancer has been on the rise in recent years, but high risk factors include obesity, birth defects, and menstrual abnormalities. The age of prevalence is in the 50s and 60s, and post-menopausal irregular genital bleeding is the main symptom. The screening test is a test in which the cells are scraped from the uterus with a thin instrument, but it is also important to observe the condition of the intima by an ultrasonic test. If a precancerous condition is suspected, endoscopy and endometrial tissue examination in utero are required.

Method of treatment : Gynecologist in Jaipur

Surgical therapy is the basic treatment for endometrial cancer. Total hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and lymph node dissection. After surgery, the degree of tumor malignancy and extent of invasion will determine if additional treatment is needed. Additional treatments include anticancer drug therapy and radiation therapy. In addition, it may be possible to follow up with progesterone therapy only if the conditions are met very early.

6.       Ovarian cancer

Main symptoms: Bloating, abdominal pain

Explanation: The ovary is located in the abdominal cavity, and unlike the case of uterine cancer, it is not possible to directly take cells for examination, so symptoms often occur after the tumor has grown. As you progress, your ascites will accumulate and you will suddenly grow bigger. In addition, pleural effusion (water in the chest cavity) may cause coughing and respiratory symptoms. It is often found by ultrasound, CT, MRI examinations, etc., and high tumor marker such as CA-125, CA19-9, CEA is used for auxiliary diagnosis, but ovarian cancer is low in malignancy There are various things, including expensive ones, so the final diagnosis is to remove the ovarian tumor by surgery and perform a pathological examination.

Method of treatment Gynecologist in Jaipur

Treatment of ovarian cancer is mainly surgery and chemotherapy. In the very early stage, only one adnexa may be excised, but in advanced cases bilateral adnexectomy, simple hysterectomy, lymph node dissection, resection of the omentum (fatty membrane in the abdominal cavity). to hold. If the ascites contains cancer cells or invades other organs, additional chemotherapy is needed.